Helping malicious actors conduct unethical, criminal, or illicit activities such as trolling, stalking, disinformation, misinformation, harassment, bullying…. And it is enough in most use cases to protect your identity as the next George Orwell. But this is also a terrible thing as most political dissidents, human rights activists and whistleblowers can also be tracked rather easily. This guide aims to provide an introduction to various de-anonymization techniques, tracking techniques, ID verification techniques, and optional guidance to creating and maintaining reasonably and truly online anonymous identities including social media accounts safely.
This includes mainstream platforms and not only the privacy-friendly ones. It is important to understand that the purpose of this guide is anonymity and not just privacy but much of the guidance you will find here will also help you improve your privacy and security even if you are not interested in anonymity.
There is an important overlap in techniques and tools used for privacy, security, and anonymity but they differ at some point:. Anonymity is about people knowing what you are doing but not knowing who you are 8. Illustration from 9. You must consider your threat model 12 before going further. More likely. Tho I would not be so sure about 4chan. Disclaimer: Jokes aside magical amulet…. Of course, there are also advanced ways to mitigate attacks against such advanced and skilled adversaries but those are just out of the scope of this guide.
It is crucially important that you understand the limits of the threat model of this guide. And therefore, this guide will not double in size to help with those advanced mitigations as this is just too complex and will require an exceedingly high knowledge and skill level that is not expected from the targeted audience of this guide. The EFF provides a few security scenarios of what you should consider depending on your activity. While some of those tips might not be within the scope of this guide more about Privacy than Anonymity , they are still worth reading as examples.
If you want to go deeper into threat modeling, see Appendix B3: Threat modeling resources. Evading Online Censorship Anonymous Online Academic Activities For instance accessing scientific research where such resources are blocked. See note below. This guide is written with hope for those good-intended individuals who might not be knowledgeable enough to consider the big picture of online anonymity and privacy.
Lastly, use it at your own risk. Anything in here is not legal advice and you should verify compliance with your local law before use IANAL I strongly encourage you to inform yourself and do not hesitate to check any information in this guide with outside sources in case of doubt.
Please do report any mistake you spot to me as I welcome criticism. Even harsh but sound criticism is welcome and will result in having the necessary corrections made as quickly as possible. There are many ways you can be tracked besides browser cookies and ads, your e-mail, and your phone number. First, you could also consider these more general resources on privacy and security to learn more basics:. This guide will cover many of the topics in the videos of this playlist with more details and references as well as some added topics not covered within that series.
This will just take you 2 or 3 hours to watch it all. Now, here is a non-exhaustive list of some of the many ways you could be tracked and de-anonymized:. Disclaimer: this whole paragraph is about your public-facing Internet IP and not your local network IP. Your IP address 27 is the most known and obvious way you can be tracked. That IP is the IP you are using at the source. This is where you connect to the internet. Your ISP can tell a third party that you were using a specific IP at a specific date and time, years after the fact.
If that IP the original one leaks at any point for any reason, it can be used to track down you directly. In many countries, you will not be able to have internet access without providing some form of identification to the provider address, ID, real name, e-mail …. Needless to say, that most platforms such as social networks will also keep sometimes indefinitely the IP addresses you used to sign-up and sign into their services.
Here are some online resources you can use to find some information about your current public IP right now:. This is more for fun than anything serious. Check for open-services or open devices on an IP especially if there are leaky Smart Devices on it :. For those reasons, we will need to obfuscate and hide that origin IP the one tied to your identification or hide it as much as we can through a combination of various means:. Using the Tor Anonymity Network 29 free.
Using VPN 30 services anonymously anonymously paid with cash or Monero. Do note that, unfortunately, these solutions are not perfect, and you will experience performance issues Except it returns an IP instead. Every time your browser wants to access a certain service such as Google through www. This DNS service could also be subject to data retention regulations or will just keep logs for other reasons data collection for advertising purposes for instance.
Therefore, this ISP will be capable of telling everything you did online just by looking at those logs which can, in turn, be provided to an adversary. Conveniently this is also the easiest way for many adversaries to apply censoring or parental control by using DNS blocking The provided DNS servers will give you a different address than their real one for some websites like redirecting thepiratebay.
Such blocking is widely applied worldwide for certain sites Using a private DNS service or your own DNS service would mitigate these issues, but the other problem is that most of those DNS requests are by default still sent in clear text unencrypted over the network.
Rendering the use of a private DNS service useless. As a bonus, many devices and apps will use hardcoded DNS servers bypassing any system setting you could set. For these devices, you will have to force them 37 to stop using their hardcoded DNS service which could make them stop working properly. This should prevent your ISP or some go-between from snooping on your requests … except it might not.
Small in-between Disclaimer: This guide does not necessarily endorse or recommends Cloudflare services even if it is mentioned several times in this section for technical understanding. And this option is not enabled by default either so you will have to enable it yourself. Meaning you will not be able to establish an HTTPS connection with a service if you do not allow them to see what it was. The issues do not end here. An adversary can then easily find which website you are visiting by matching the certificate number This issue can be mitigated by using OCSP stapling But the website you are visiting must also be supporting it and not all do.
These are workable and reasonably secure technical options but there is also a moral choice if you want to use Cloudflare or not despite the risk posed by some researchers This guide will not help you with this one at this stage, but it might be coming soon. As for your normal daily use non-sensitive , remember that only Firefox-based browsers support ECH formerly eSNI so far and that it is only useful with websites hosted behind Cloudflare CDN at this stage.
If you prefer a Chrome-based version which is understandable for some due to some better-integrated features like on-the-fly Translation , then I would recommend the use of Brave instead which supports all Chrome extensions and offers much better privacy than Chrome. But the story does not stop there right. Now because after all this, even if you encrypt your DNS and use all possible mitigations. Simple IP requests to any server will probably allow an adversary to still detect which site you are visiting.
This means that an adversary can create a dataset of known websites for instance including their IPs and then match this dataset against the IP you ask for. In most cases, this will result in a correct guess of the website you are visiting.
RFID stands for Radio-frequency identification 57 , it is the technology used for instance for contactless payments and various identification systems. As with everything else, such capabilities can be used for tracking by various actors. But unfortunately, this is not limited to your smartphone, and you also probably carry some amount of RFID enabled device with you all the time such as:. While all these cannot be used to de-anonymize you from a remote online adversary, they can be used to narrow down a search if your approximate location at a certain time is known.
For instance, you cannot rule out that some stores will effectively scan and log all RFID chips passing through the door.
They might be looking for their loyalty cards but are also logging others along the way. Such RFID tags could be traced to your identity and allow for de-anonymization. The only way to mitigate this problem is to have no RFID tags on you or to shield them again using a type of Faraday cage. Many of those are now made by well-known brands such as Samsonite You should just not carry such RFID devices while conducting sensitive activities.
See Appendix N: Warning about smartphones and smart devices. Geolocation is not only done by using mobile antennas triangulation. It is also done using the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth devices around you. When your Android smartphone or iPhone is on and not in Plane mode , it will scan actively unless you specifically disable this feature in the settings Wi-Fi access points, and Bluetooth devices around you and will be able to geolocate you with more precision than when using a GPS.
The issue is that this probing is unique and can be used to uniquely identify a user and track such user. Shops, for example, can use this technique to fingerprint customers including when they return, where they go in the shop and how long they stay at a particular place. This allows them to provide accurate locations even when GPS is off, but it also allows them to keep a convenient record of all Wi-Fi Bluetooth devices all over the world.
Which can then be accessed by them or third parties for tracking. Note: If you have an Android smartphone, Google probably knows where it is no matter what you do. You cannot really trust the settings.
The whole operating system is built by a company that wants your data. Remember that if it is free then you are the product. But that is not what all those Wi-Fi access points can do. Recently developed techs could even allow someone to track your movements accurately just based on radio interferences. Even if they have no smartphone on them. These devices can fit in a small bag and can take over the Wi-Fi environment of any place within their range.
These devices can force Wi-Fi clients to disconnect from their current Wi-Fi using de-authentication, disassociation attacks 68 while spoofing the normal Wi-Fi networks at the same location. They will continue to perform this attack until your computer, or you decide to try to connect to the rogue AP. These devices can then mimic a captive portal 69 with the exact same layout as the Wi-Fi you are trying to access for instance an Airport Wi-Fi registration portal. Or they could just give you unrestricted access internet that they will themselves get from the same place.
Once you are connected through the Rogue AP, this AP will be able to execute various man-in-the-middle attacks to perform analysis on your traffic. These could be malicious redirections or simple traffic sniffing. These can then easily identify any client that would for instance try to connect to a VPN server or the Tor Network. This can be useful when you know someone you want to de-anonymize is in a crowded place, but you do not know who.
These can also be used to carefully craft and serve you advanced phishing webpages that would harvest your credentials or try to make you install a malicious certificate allowing them to see your encrypted traffic. How to mitigate those? Tor and VPNs are not silver bullets. Many advanced techniques have been developed and studied to de-anonymize encrypted Tor traffic over the years Most of those techniques are Correlation attacks that will correlate your network traffic in one way or another to logs or datasets.
Here are some examples:. For example, do not connect to Tor from your University Network to access a University Service anonymously.
Instead, use a different source point such as a public Wi-Fi that cannot be correlated easily by an adversary. Consider the use of multiple layers such as what will be recommended in this guide later: VPN over Tor so that an adversary might be able to see that someone connected to the service through Tor but will not be able to see that it was you because you were connected to a VPN and not the Tor Network.
Be aware again that this might not be enough against a motivated global adversary 76 with wide access to global mass surveillance. Such an adversary might have access to logs no matter where you are and could use those to de-anonymize you.
These adversaries are out of the scope of this guide. Be also aware that all the other methods described in this guide such as Behavioral analysis can also be used to deanonymize Tor users indirectly see further Your Digital Fingerprint, Footprint, and Online Behavior. Lastly, do remember that using Tor can already be considered suspicious activity 77 , and its use could be considered malicious by some Remember that such attacks are usually carried by highly skilled, highly resourceful, and motivated adversaries and are out of scope from this guide.
Disclaimer: it should also be noted that Tor is not designed to protect against a global adversary. Design goals and assumptions. Well, unfortunately, no, this is now becoming true at least for some devices:. Samsung Phones Android 10 and above MacBooks macOS Such devices will continue to broadcast identity information to nearby devices even when offline using Bluetooth Low-Energy They do not have access to the devices directly which are not connected to the internet but instead use BLE to find them through other nearby devices They are using peer-to-peer short-range Bluetooth communication to broadcast their status through nearby online devices.
The IMEI is tied directly to the phone you are using. This number is known and tracked by the cell phone operators and known by the manufacturers. It is possible but difficult and not illegal in many jurisdictions 89 to change the IMEI on a phone but it is probably easier and cheaper to just find and buy some old working Burner phone for a few Euros this guide is for Germany remember at a flea market or some random small shop.
The IMSI is tied directly to the mobile subscription or pre-paid plan you are using and is tied to your phone number by your mobile provider. The manufacturer of the Phone can trace back the sale of the phone using the IMEI if that phone was bought in a non-anonymous way. And if you are using a phone that you bought online or from someone that knows you. It can be traced to you using that information.
The IMSI is then tied to the identity of the buyer of the card. In the countries where the SIM can still be bought with cash like the UK , they still know where which shop it was bought and when. Or again the antenna logs can also be used to figure out which other phone was there at the moment of the sale.
They too can trace back the history of the phone and to which accounts it was tied in the past These devices can impersonate to spoof a cell phone Antenna and force a specific IMSI your phone to connect to it to access the cell network. While there are some smartphones manufacturers like Purism with their Librem series 98 who claim to have your privacy in mind, they still do not allow IMEI randomization which I believe is a key anti-tracking feature that should be provided by such manufacturers.
The MAC address 99 is a unique identifier tied to your physical Network Interface Wired Ethernet or Wi-Fi and could of course be used to track you if it is not randomized. As it was the case with the IMEI, manufacturers of computers and network cards usually keep logs of their sales usually including things like serial number, IMEI, Mac Addresses, … and it is possible again for them to track where and when the computer with the MAC address in question was sold and to whom.
Maybe yours before you decided to use the MacBook for sensitive activities. Some commercial devices will keep a record of MAC addresses roaming around for various purposes such as road congestion If you use your own laptop, then it is crucial to hide that MAC address and Bluetooth address anywhere you use it and be extra careful not to leak any information. Again, it can be used to track you as manufacturers and operating system makers keep logs of such information.
Operating systems have protections in place to randomize those addresses but are still subject to vulnerabilities On Windows 10, you will need to disable and enable the Bluetooth device in the device manager itself to force randomization of the address for next use and prevent tracking.
In general, this should not be too much of a concern compared to MAC Addresses. BT Addresses are randomized quite often. Those management platforms are small operating systems running directly on your CPU as long as they have power. These have already been affected by several security vulnerabilities in the past that allowed malware to gain control of target systems. These are also accused by many privacy actors including the EFF and Libreboot of being a backdoor into any system If you are feeling a bit more adventurous, you could install your own BIOS using Libreboot or Coreboot if your laptop supports it be aware that Coreboot does contain some propriety code unlike its fork Libreboot.
Some of these can be avoided using Virtualization Software settings that can mitigate such exploits. I will therefore mitigate some of these issues in this guide by recommending the use of virtual machines on a dedicated anonymous laptop for your sensitive activities that will only be used from an anonymous public network. Most popular Operating Systems now collect telemetry information by default even if you never opt-in or opted-out from the start.
Some like Windows will not even allow disabling telemetry completely without some technical tweaks. This information collection can be extensive and include a staggering number of details metadata and data on your devices and their usage.
Here are good overviews of what is being collected by those five popular OSes in their last versions:. Apple does claim that they anonymize this data using differential privacy but you will have to trust them on that. Not only are Operating Systems gathering telemetry services but so are Apps themselves like Browsers, Mail Clients, and Social Networking Apps installed on your system.
It is important to understand that this telemetry data can be tied to your device and help de-anonymizing you and later can be used against you by an adversary that would get access to this data.
This does not mean for example that Apple devices are terrible choices for good Privacy tho this might be changing , but they are certainly not the best choices for relative Anonymity. They might protect you from third parties knowing what you are doing but not from themselves. In all likelihood, they certainly know who you are. Later in this guide, we will use all the means at our disposal to disable and block as much telemetry as possible to mitigate this attack vector in the Operating Systems supported in this guide.
These will include Windows, macOS, and even Linux in some regard. Records your habits and health data steps, screen time, exposure to diseases, connected devices data. Has most likely access to most of your known accounts including social media, messaging, and financial accounts. Data is being transmitted even if you opt-out , processed, and stored indefinitely most likely unencrypted by various third parties It is also every other smart device you could have:.
Your Smart Speaker? Your Car? Any other Smart device? There are even convenient search engines dedicated to finding them online:. Your metadata is all the information about your activities without the actual content of those activities. For instance, it is like knowing you had a call from an oncologist before then calling your family and friends successively.
You do not know what was said during the conversation, but you can guess what it was just from the metadata Odds are several companies are knowing exactly where you are at any time because of your smartphone In addition, this location data is even sold by private companies to the military who can then use it conveniently Your ISP however knows or at least can know you were connected to that same VPN provider on November 4th from am to 2 pm but does not know what you were doing with it.
The question is: Is there someone somewhere that would have both pieces of information available for correlation in a convenient database? Have you heard of Edward Snowden ? Now is the time to google him and read his book The way you click. The way you browse. The fonts you use on your browser Fingerprinting is being used to guess who someone is by the way that user is behaving. You might be using specific pedantic words or making specific spelling mistakes that could give you away using a simple Google search for similar features because you typed comparably on some Reddit post 5 years ago using a not so anonymous Reddit account The words you type in a search engine alone can be used against you as the authorities now have warrants to find users who used specific keywords in search engines Think of when you draft an e-mail in Gmail.
It is saved automatically as you type. They can register your clicks and cursor movements as well. All they need to achieve this in most cases is Javascript enabled in your browser which is the case in most Browsers including Tor Browser by default.
Even with Javascript disabled, there are still ways to fingerprint you While these methods are usually used for marketing purposes and advertising, they can also be a useful tool for fingerprinting users.
This is because your behavior is unique or unique enough that over time, you could be de-anonymized. Analysis algorithms could then be used to match these patterns with other users and match you to a different known user.
It is unclear whether such data is already used or not by Governments and Law Enforcement agencies, but it might be in the future. It could and probably will be used for investigations in the short or mid-term future to deanonymize users. You will see it becoming interesting over time this requires Javascript enabled. This guide will provide some technical mitigations using Fingerprinting resistant tools but those might not be sufficient.
You should apply common sense and try to find your own patterns in your behavior and behave differently when using anonymous identities. This includes:. The type of response you use if you are sarcastic by default, try to have a different approach with your identities.
You need to act and fully adopt a role as an actor would do for a performance. You need to become a different person, think, and act like that person. This is not a technical mitigation but a human one.
You can only rely on yourself for that. Ultimately, it is mostly up to you to fool those algorithms by adopting new habits and not revealing real information when using your anonymous identities. These are clues you might give over time that could point to your real identity. In those posts, you might over time leak some information about your real life. These might be memories, experiences, or clues you shared that could then allow a motivated adversary to build a profile to narrow their search.
A real use and well-documented case of this was the arrest of the hacker Jeremy Hammond who shared over time several details about his past and was later discovered. You can also view some convenient lists of some available OSINT tools here if you want to try them on yourself for example:. You will see more details about this in the Creating new identities section.
That person could then go ahead and upload that selfie to various platforms Twitter, Google Photos, Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat …. In addition to this, the same picture will provide a precise timestamp and in most cases geolocation of where it was taken.
Because other people have put a picture of you in their contact list which they then shared with them. Apple is making FaceID mainstream and pushing its use to log you into many services including the Banking systems. The same goes with fingerprint authentication being mainstreamed by many smartphone makers to authenticate yourself. The same goes with your voice which can be analyzed for various purposes as shown in the recent Spotify patent Even your iris can be used for identification in some places We can safely imagine a near future where you will not be able to create accounts or sign in anywhere without providing unique biometrics A suitable time to re-watch Gattaca , Person of Interest , and Minority Report And you can safely imagine how useful these large biometrics databases could be to some interested third parties.
At this time, there are a few steps you can use to mitigate and only mitigate face recognition when conducting sensitive activities where CCTV might be present:. Wear a facemask as they have been proven to defeat some face recognition technologies but not all Wear a baseball cap or hat to mitigate identification from high-angle CCTVs filming from above from recording your face.
Remember this will not help against front-facing cameras. There was a small study showing their efficiency against IBM and Amazon facial recognition The acoustic motion detection uses the microphone of the device and can work even in complete darkness very efficiently.
Try around and set the appropriate sensitivity. When motion is detected the screen can switched on. You can specify on Device Management section with Screen Off Timer setting in seconds how fast the screen has to be off again. Device Admin permission must be enabled for Fully in order to turn screen off. This has nothing to do with Android root privileges. Root access is not required for Fully unless you want to use the Root Features.
Before the Fully app can be uninstalled, device admin permission must be disabled. When motion is detected the screensaver can be stopped. Check the Screensaver Settings in Fully Kiosk to enable the screensaver. You can manage your Fully Kiosk app remotely on devices in your local network or worldwide using VPN.
First create a root certificate for signing other CAs using a script like this:. Now create a domain certificate fully-remote-admin-ca. Each device must be addressed in your local network by a hostname like device Now copy fully-remote-admin-ca. This setup works at least with current Google Chrome on Windows 10 without any warnings. Using other clients may need a slightly different SSL setup. With Fully Cloud you can organize, monitor and remote configure your Fully Kiosk devices from everywhere even if your devices are in a local network behind NAT.
Fully Kiosk does not change anything in your network, no port forwarding or VPN is needed. Check the Cloud HowTos for more info.
The trial month starts for each device by adding this device to Fully Cloud. The subscription is max. Make a free account and use the fee calculator in Fully Cloud on the Subscriptions menu. The subscription fee is paid by PayPal subscription with 3 or 12 months period.
You can cancel your cloud subscription anytime in your PayPal account. The subscription will remain active all the time paid and no fees will be refunded. You can however add another subscription anytime. Consider adding some spare devices as every additional device on the subscription makes the price per device cheaper. There is however no refund for unused spare devices or unused trial time. Please test everything with your devices prior to starting a subscription. In order to maintain security of our cloud systems we decided to stop supporting Android 4.
Starting Android 4. The JavaScript interface allows the website integration with device and Fully features. Enable this option only if you trust all websites loaded use URL Whitelist! This option is potentially insecure as any website can read ALL your local files, change the device settings etc. With Fully Kiosk Browser 1. In Fully Kiosk Browser 1. With Fully Exam Kiosk you can lockdown the device to the exam website. Fully Exam Kiosk app supports Android 5.
Currently Android 12 is not supported. You have to get an FEK file or link from your teacher and open it in the app. On the first start please grant requested runtime permissions in order to lock the exam in the safe kiosk mode. Otherwise your students will just open that URL in another browser without any restrictions. A teacher can configure an exam here and give a permalink URL or.
Students just open the. When asked the show on top and usage data access permissions must be granted in order to provide a safe kiosk mode. Note that many browser features like tabs, popups, file uploads, cam and microphone access, opening other files and starting apps are intentionally disabled in the exam browser window. Tell us if you want to use some of those features. As our contribution towards fighting against the COVID pandemic using Fully Exam Kiosk is completely free of any charges at least until end of Are you missing any features?
Your feedback is welcome! Fully Video Kiosk is our separate app for playing videos and image slideshows on Android devices with full kiosk mode protection. There are additional JavaScript interface functions to control the player which can be used in the wallpaper or playlist sites:.
The default settings file is called fully-video-settings. You can use fully-video-auto-settings. Fully Single App Kiosk is our separate app for locking down the device to one selected app. Everything else will be blocked. Fully Single App Kiosk is very easy to configure.
Just select an app, set a Kiosk PIN, ready! If you type very fast in another app this could also be detected as 7 fast taps. For deployment , device provisioning and Fire OS devices please use the single app mode in our Fully Kiosk Browser app. Please test all needed Fully Kiosk features with your content and your devices before ordering a license.
The single license is bound to your device ID and activated immediately after the payment is completed. There is no license key. Internet connection is required on your Android device. If you need you can move your single licence to another device later here:.
You can pay by credit card using Stripe. The key will be sent automatically to your email address once the payment is completed.
Check our manual for the fast deployment process. Get the volume license quote and order here:. You can un-register the device from the Volume License by removing the volume key from Other Settings. Once activated the device may keep offline for indefinite time without loosing the license.
If your devices may not connect to Internet for some reasons at all you can use the Offline Licensing. We are going to stop supporting Android 4.
Please migrate to newer devices. Device provisioning is the fastest way to setup devices with Fully Kiosk and to provide an even better kiosk protection.
Fully Kiosk supports all available methods of Android device provisioning. Once configured you can setup new devices with almost no manual effort. Note that the most provisioning methods require factory new or factory resetted devices. This configurator offers only few provisioning options. You can apply all app settings , use enterprises , add device to the cloud and more if you use provisioning profiles in your free Fully Cloud account. The provisioned device has a number of additional Device Owner Settings for a better kiosk mode protection available like disable USB, ADB, status bar, screen capture, safe mode etc.
The most but not all device types support device provisioning. Ask your device vendor if you are not sure. Device provisioning for Android 12 devices is supported starting Fully Kiosk Browser 1. Please keep at least one device of each type as reference and for testing and attend to this FAQ about recommended settings for making your kiosk mode secure.
Ask us if you need any support with device provisioning for Fully Kiosk. This however requires your devices to be connected to the Internet, to have access and to use the Google services. You also have to accept the Google Managed Play agreement and data processing and security terms.
Create a new Enterprise in the Enterprise menu on Fully Cloud. A Google account is required for this step. You can approve apps for your enterprise in Google Play for Work and then configure apps to be auto-installed, set default permissions and managed configurations if your app supports in Fully Cloud look for Manage Apps button on the Enterprise entry. You can also manage apps and set the auto-update policy for each device individually, look for Manage Apps button on the device entry.
The only way to add device to the Enterprise is by making device provisioning. You can select the Enterprise when creating a provisioning profile in Fully Cloud.
Note that only our Fully Kiosk Browser app supports Enterprises. This edition brings a Read Storage Permission dialog on the first app start. This is needed to auto-import the settings. Usually you have to set only very few options. Just to give you some ideas for the most common scenarios:. Please also check the recommended settings for unattended devices for the best kiosk mode protection. Fully Kiosk uses Android Webview Chromium based provided by Android on your device for any website loading, caching, rendering and scripting incl.
If something is wrong with your website please follow these topics:. The websites could run into some issues if the installed Webview is not up to date.
With Android 4. There are different serious issues known resulting of these outdated web engines. Yes, other major browsers like Chrome, Firefox or Opera can bring their own web engines and show better results with those old devices. Fully Kiosk will completely stop supporting Android 4. There are however no differences known between Webviews provided by those two apps if on the same version.
Do not compare to other browsers Firefox, Dolphin, Opera etc. Those web engines may work significantly different in some details. If your website is running ok in Google Chome but not in Fully Kiosk Browser web developers can enable Webview Content Debugging in Advanced Web Settings and use the remote debugging with Chrome DevTools in order to see what happens behind the scenes and where the different behavior comes from.
If something like popups, form data saving, geolocation, alert boxes etc. In very rare cases you can improve the rendering by selecting another Graphics Acceleration mode in Advanced Web Settings.
Please also check the known issues. The integrated Webview has another app ID com. There has also been a discussion at Chromium with backgrounds why is it done like this. Please ask you device vendor for a Webview update. Please check this page and ask your device vendor if your device will be upgraded to Android 12 and if there is a way to prevent the update.
Check this article for other ways to disable the OTA updates. If there is a risk that your device will upgrade or auto-upgrade to Android 12 please follow the recommendations below. Please update to the latest app versions. However there are still some caveats in the provisioning process due to the latest Android changes.
For security means Google obviously decided to disallow using the Google Account also in Android Webview that is used by Fully Kiosk and many other apps. Depending on something OS, version, network or location? The official solution should allow less secure apps to login as described here. However no idea how long this can work. If Google really decides to block all logins in Android Webview there will be no workaround anymore. This is unfortunately something out of our control. For more information please read the discussion on this topic at Chromium Bugtracker.
The only known workaround is using the video proxy. You can try changing the Mixed Content Mode optoin as workaround. Check this FAQ for alternatives. You can use the file picker in URL dialog boxes to pick the file from storage.
You can also select a file on external SD card. This is the way to make a light local content management. Use with care as all existing files will be overwritten when unpacking the same file names from the ZIP file.
When using this feature from Fully Cloud you can load ZIP file to many devices with only one click mass admin. You can set the File Load Timeframe in Cloud Settings in order to randomize the file loading across devices within the specified timeframe next x seconds. Zero size file will be deleted from device. Starting version 1. Sample ZIP file is here. We recommend enabling the maintenance mode during changing content files on the devices.
Starting Fully Kiosk Browser ver. If you install APK files from our website the scoped storage restrictions will be not active. Otherwise you can add your favorite websites to the Universal Launcher and use it as your bookmark page. You can even seamlessly mix apps, websites and file shortcuts on the launcher.
The URLs will be opened on separate tabs. You can enable visible tab flaps and set colors in Toolbars and Appearance settings. In Web Browsing Settings you can also enable Swipe to Change Tabs to be able to change between tabs by swiping left or right. You can still use the usual JavaScript methods window. Configure the Screensaver Playlist in Screensaver settings. You can add media files, folders, URLs to media files or websites.
Look in each item configuration for the Play next item after… option, otherwise it may be shown forever. Now set the Screensaver Timer in order to start the screensaver after some time of user inactivity. KaranSingh in the search bar next to start, type "network connections", that will show View Network Connections which is what you want. Steve Carey Steve Carey 2, 19 19 silver badges 25 25 bronze badges. Worked for me, too!
This should be the approved answer. Ewoknroll Ewoknroll 1 1 silver badge 4 4 bronze badges. It was needed to reset "Draw over other apps" permission for Expo mobile app. How that is fixed on Android 6. That was the fix for my 1Plus also. Masoud Masoud 1 1 silver badge 7 7 bronze badges. On Windows 10, your solution worked for me. Thanks for sharing!
The exact steps: 1 Open the Start menu, and type "network status" 2 Click on "Change connection properties" 3 Change from public to private — wfarid. Rohit Katariya Rohit Katariya 59 1 1 silver badge 9 9 bronze badges.
Tunnel doesn't work for me, but LAN does. Can anybody explain the difference here? LAN, instead, hosts the bundle on your local network, reducing the latency considerably. Mahesh Rachha Mahesh Rachha 41 2 2 bronze badges. Ripal Patel Ripal Patel 31 3 3 bronze badges. In my case, expo app was outdated. I just updated expo from store and it started working.
Swapnil Patwa Swapnil Patwa 3, 3 3 gold badges 22 22 silver badges 35 35 bronze badges. This was the case for me. Wish it was more obvious that was the cause. I had the same problem and fixed it on Windows 10 by making my machine discoverable on the network: Click wifi icon in app drawer. Go to the list of wifi connections and click your connection. Click "Properties".
This opens up the page associated with your connection. Under "Make this PC discoverable", turn the slider to "On". Gob Gob 1 1 silver badge 4 4 bronze badges. Joel Wiklund Joel Wiklund 1, 2 2 gold badges 12 12 silver badges 20 20 bronze badges. Yogesh Devgun Yogesh Devgun 1 1 gold badge 12 12 silver badges 30 30 bronze badges. I solved it by deactivating it, although you could also open port , which is used by Expo.
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